The question
Arithmon starts from a simple question: what if the dimensionless
constants of physics were not free parameters, but counts,
arithmetic and topological invariants of a compact geometry?
The program is that question. K₇, formerly GIFT,
is the first concrete, dated answer: a compact G₂-holonomy geometry,
the Betti numbers (21, 77), 33 exact relations, zero adjustable
parameters, a formal core verified in Lean. The name says the wager in
three syllables: from arithmos (number) and -on
(particle), the number as particle, the particle as number.
An answer can be revised or refuted. The question remains.
The map
- Arithmon
- the program
Are the constants of nature counts?
- K₇
- the first framework
One dated answer: K₇, (21, 77), 33 relations.
- Sieve
- the anti-numerology test
How surprising is that answer?
- Lean
- the certified counting layer
The arithmetic of the test, machine-checked.
- Atlas
- the map of neighbouring work
Who else stands near the question.
Where the founding framework stands
0free parameters
33exact relations to observables
15stated axioms, 0 sorry in the Lean core
3named, dated, falsifiable bets
Non-generic at set level (about 10⁻⁶, assumption-free null
model). Numerical precision is reported as a secondary figure, not the
headline.
Where the bets stand today
- δCP = 197°, window 182° to 212°
within about 1σ
- θ₂₃ in the upper octant (49.25°)
in tension
- Exactly three fermion generations
standing
The predictions were frozen and dated before
the data that judges them. They are never revised after the fact; the
verdict log records each release, favourable or
not.
Three ways in
You do physics. Start with the
open bets, then the
open problems: what the program has staked, and
what it is trying to settle.
You read with suspicion. Start with the
Sieve, the test built to catch numerology, frozen
before any search ran and calibrated so that Eddington fails and the
quantum Hall relation passes. Then the
charter, which states what is never done. Read
these before you read any claim made here.
Everything below is the full text: the bets that can
lose, the method that prices them, the eight open problems with their
refuted routes, the charter, and the map of adjacent work. Nothing links
away for the substance.
The Sieve
The methodology arm of the program: a formal standard for the question
how surprising is a claimed exact relation between mathematical
invariants and measured physical constants?
In plain words
Sometimes a short formula in fundamental constants and small whole
numbers lands surprisingly close to a measured quantity. Sometimes that is
a real clue about nature. Sometimes it is an accident, made to look
meaningful afterwards by a lucky choice of formula. The hard part is
telling the two apart before you know which one it is.
History has both kinds. Eddington argued the fine-structure constant had
to be exactly 1/136, then exactly 1/137 once the measurement moved: a
coincidence, refitted after the fact. The quantum Hall resistance, by
contrast, is an exact ratio that was predicted, never revised, and later
explained: a real relation. The field usually only sorts cases like these
in hindsight, once the verdict is already in.
The Sieve is an attempt at an instrument that sorts them in advance, by
a rule fixed before looking. The inputs, which constants count and which
formulas are allowed, are written down and time-stamped with a public DOI
before any search runs, so nothing can be quietly tuned to the answer. The
instrument is then turned on known cases to check it behaves (Eddington
must fail, the quantum Hall relation must pass), and only after that on
anything we care about, including the founding framework itself. Anyone can
run it on their own framework, including one built to try to beat it.
The discipline
- Freeze before search. The observable list and the
grammars are deposited with a dated DOI before any expression search
runs. The DOI timestamp is the proof. A data update is a new freeze
version with its own DOI; verdicts against the old version stand.
- Calibration before use. The method must condemn
deliberately constructed fake frameworks and reproduce known historical
verdicts before it is allowed to score anything we care about. If it
fails calibration, that failure is the result.
- The scorecard, not a single p-value. Per-relation
local significance, joint global significance under each null,
complexity budget consumed, and an explicit declaration of researcher
degrees of freedom.
- Open by construction. Frozen inputs, pinned
environment, deterministic seeds. Anyone can re-run the pipeline
against any framework, hostile parties included.
Status
Freeze v1.0 deposited 2026-06-12, DOI
10.5281/zenodo.20666879
(concept DOI for all versions:
10.5281/zenodo.20666878).
At deposit time, no expression search had run; everything since operates
against these inputs as frozen. The freeze holds 28 dimensionless measured
constants with framework-independent inclusion criteria, values verified
against CODATA 2022, PDG 2025, NuFIT 6.1 and Planck 2018 with per-value
citations, plus three expression grammars, two complexity measures and
anti-gaming guards.
Calibration complete at scaffold budget (5 to 6
nodes):
- Negative controls condemned: an adversarial best-match fit and an
invented-alphabet framework land at the 89th and 17th percentile of the
fitting null, where survival requires the 99.9th.
- Historical verdicts reproduced: Eddington's 136-then-137 fails at
every era (never within 1σ of contemporary data, revision penalty
applied); the quantum Hall quantization passes (exact, essentially
unique, never revised, explained by TKNN 1982).
- Four nulls implemented: N1 and N2 price the search (survival
thresholds clear the N2 alphabet-freedom envelope), N3 catches
assignment vagueness, N0 anchors the accidental-match baseline.
- First N1 against the frozen list: at a 5-node budget, 6/28
(G_INT), 3/28 (G_STRUCT) and 2/28 (G_TRANS) entries carry information
at their measured precision; a lone match on a loosely measured
constant is worth little by construction.
The machine-checked formal layer, certified expression-space counts (the
haystack the trials factor divides by) and the in-framework-theorem rebate,
lives in arithmon/lean, in
Lean 4.
Contributions are welcome, in particular historical cases that should
join the calibration set, null models not yet considered, and ways to game
the scorecard: rule 4 means finding them is a contribution. The pipeline,
the frozen inputs and the decisions ledger are in
arithmon/sieve.
↑ Top
The open problems
Eight problems, one per file in the
program repository, across
five axes. Status is one of active, open,
dormant, closed. The known constraints include the
negative results, on purpose: a refuted route is a theorem about the
territory.
From an explicit near-solution to an exact G₂ metric
active geometry · opened 2026-06-11
Statement. Promote the explicit Donaldson-type near-solution on
K₇ (K3 fibration over S³, ℤ₂³ fiber symmetry)
to an exact torsion-free G₂ metric, or characterize the
obstruction.
Why it matters. This is the program's central lock. The
topology (21, 77) is rigorous, the Calabi-Yau residual is
interval-certified, the near-solution is explicit; exactness is what
separates a certified candidate from the geometry.
Known constraints. Existence by gluing (Joyce-Kovalev type) is
guaranteed for small enough parameter, but a closed-form exact
representative is research-level. Blockwise Newton-Kantorovich
contractibility near the near-solution has been verified on all 7
nontrivial ℤ₂³ isotypic blocks (margins 7×). Four
classical construction templates (Joyce, TCS, extra-twisted TCS,
CCY₇) are excluded by theorem; the object is not covered by
existing taxonomies.
Next step. Full adiabatic coupling across blocks (Stage 2 of
the Kantorovich program); singular Monge-Ampere and continuity-method
routes scoped as alternatives.
Why this geometry rather than another?
active selection · opened 2026-06-11 · updated 2026-07-04
Statement. Why this geometry? Identify the principle that
selects K₇, the Betti pair (21, 77), and the assignment of
formulas to observables, or demonstrate that no such principle is needed
beyond consistency.
Why it matters. This is the program's problem number one. The
landscape gives up uniqueness; Arithmon bets on it. The bet is only won
if selection is explained, not assumed.
Known constraints. The geometry is not generic, and the
evidence is arithmetic before it is physical: the polarizing K3 lattice,
Nikulin type (15, 7, 1), is a classified reflective point
(60-root reflection lattice, a Petersen-graph stratum, automorphisms by
S₅); the fiber carries a symplectic automorphism group containing
V₄ × ℤ/5 through two distinct elliptic
fibrations; six structural obstructions separate the object from every
standard template. None of this yet amounts to a selection principle; it
amounts to the geometry being a distinguished point in several
classifications at once.
What is established (2026-06-18)
The question splits cleanly and the two halves answer differently.
Topological rarity. (b₂, b₃) =
(21, 77) is reached by no twisted connected sum construction
(exhaustive 3852-configuration no-go, CHNP b₂ max about 18); it
sits in a genuine gap of the realized G₂ Betti census (nearest
realized (19, 65)); it is reached only via the
Joyce-Karigiannis / Donaldson K3-fibration route. So the pair is rare as
a G₂ manifold. But rarity is representation-dependent: its CY₃
shadow via the Künneth decomposition CY₃ × S¹,
namely (h¹¹, h²¹) = (21, 27), is realized
by 668,607 distinct reflexive 4-polytopes in the Kreuzer-Skarke database.
The G₂ rarity argument does not transport to the CY₃
representation of the same numbers.
Inverse-problem specialness. In a blind, mirage-proof sweep
(alphabet size held constant across the grid; only the Betti leaf values
change) over the full Kreuzer-Skarke Hodge range (b₂, b₃
each in [0, 491], 242,064 grid points), the
Sieve re-runs the search per pair and asks how
cheaply and how widely each pair fits the frozen Standard Model set.
(21, 77) sinks below the median on every discriminating axis: about
64% of grid pairs strictly beat it on Betti-sensitive coverage at the
discriminating tolerance, and it sits in the expensive quartile at tight
τ. The CY₃ shadow (21, 27) is even less special. The
verdict grows as the haystack grows: smaller prior grids were the
conservative reading, in the pair's favour. Specialness, in the
inverse-problem sense, is not where the geometry lives.
Reading. The two halves are independent and both honest. The
inverse-problem half closes one candidate channel: the Betti pair is not
arithmetically privileged at fitting the freeze, so the principle, if
there is one, is not "(21, 77) is the cheapest set of leaves to
reach the Standard Model". The topological half keeps the
distinguishedness channel open, in the K3-lattice direction the
constraints already name; it does not amount to a principle on its
own.
What is established (2026-07-04)
The announced next step has been carried out in both directions, and
a third route has been audited. All three close.
Lattice propagation, settled negatively by mechanism. The
distinguishedness of the lattice keeps growing: it is realized as the
invariant lattice of non-symplectic involutions on hyperkahler fourfolds
of K3[2] type, and it is the unique named exception of the
published mirror-existence lemma for that setting. But none of it reaches
b₃ = 77, for independent structural reasons now proved rather than
suspected. First, b₂ = 21 is equivalent to rank-one monodromy, so
the S₅ lattice symmetry is broken to a stabilizer before it can act
on the monodromy data. Second, 77 counts components of the discriminant
link and lives in the link complement, a factor disjoint from the lattice
data in the Donaldson cohomology model: the factor 11 of
77 = 7 × 11 appears in none of the lattice-derived
invariants actually swept, neither the S₅ irreps and their sums,
products and powers, nor the Petersen graph counts, nor the full root
diagram. Third, the only higher-hyperkahler type that can host the
lattice has zero odd cohomology, so there is nothing on that side to
match a link count against. Distinguished, yes; selecting, no.
Diophantine route, audited and closed as a principle. The
published system ((rank + Ngen) b₂ =
Ngen b₃, b₂ + b₃ = S) is linear with
nonzero determinant, so a unique rational solution always exists;
integrality is a divisibility comb, not a filter. The solution factors as
(b₂, b₃) = k (Ngen, rank + Ngen)
with k = S / (rank + 2Ngen); at (8, 3, 98) this
reads (21, 77) = 7 × (3, 11). All selection
power sits in the single integer choice S = 98, which remains underived
in the source papers, and one of their screening premises (realizability
requires b₂ ≥ 9) is contradicted by the literature census: 27 of
the 65 known compact G₂ manifolds have b₂ < 9, including
Joyce's (0, 215). The authors of that route have themselves
downgraded the claim to a unique candidate solution (May 2026).
Residue. The open problem now reduces to a single statement:
derive b₂ + b₃ = 98 = dim K₇ ×
dim G₂ (equivalently k = 7) from a pre-registered principle.
In the factored form (b₂, b₃) = dim K₇ ×
(Ngen, rank + Ngen), the selection question
dissolves into the standard physical inputs (7, 3, 8):
dimension, generations, rank. Until 98 = 7 × 14 is
derived, it is an observation, not a principle, and must not be used as
one.
Next step. Only the residue qualifies: a pre-registered
derivation of b₂ + b₃ = dim K₇ ×
dim G₂. The inverse-problem channel, all presently specified
lattice-to-b₃ propagation mechanisms, and the Diophantine route are
closed; the honest standing verdict is "a distinguished point in several
classifications at once, with no selection principle behind it so far",
now established channel by channel rather than assumed out of caution. A
propagation mechanism nobody has specified yet would reopen the
topological channel; it would have to enter through the link complement,
where 77 lives.
Do the spectral data of K₇ have a closed form?
dormant geometry · opened 2026-06-11
Statement. Do the Laplacian spectral data of the K₇
geometry admit exact closed forms, and in which basis?
Why it matters. The prediction chain runs through spectra.
Exact spectral data would replace numerical inputs by counts, extending
the hard core's reach.
Known constraints. Largely negative so far, and the negatives
are part of the map: two block coefficients are confirmed
torsion-minimizing rationals (19/6 and 7/6), but the K3-block coefficient
64/77 is demoted to a rational approximation (0.41 percent,
basin-dependent across seeds, so no exact spectrum behind it); a naive
exponent pattern is falsified at the 10⁻¹² level by
interval certification; exhaustive search over rational and standard
transcendental bases finds no closed form at 15-digit precision. These
refutations were applied to the program's own candidates, which is the
negative heuristic in action.
Next step. The only identified non-exhausted route is genuine
theory, not search: a Picard-Fuchs analysis of the period structure. Off
the critical path; dormant until prioritized.
From one certified box to all of K3
open geometry · opened 2026-06-11
Statement. Extend the certified bound on the Calabi-Yau
volume-form residual from a box-local statement (4000 open boxes,
Krawczyk-verified, with the variance aggregation re-computed inside Lean)
to a global bound on all of K3.
Why it matters. The box-local certificate is the framework's
rigor anchor; a global bound would remove the locality caveat
entirely.
Known constraints. The current certificate gives a variance
envelope of 1321/10⁷ with 7.57× safety margin, formally
aggregated from raw rational enclosures. Scoping concluded that a
genuinely global bound is research-level and that the only identified
route is a Positivstellensatz or sum-of-squares certificate over the
orbifold chart.
Next step. Sum-of-squares feasibility study on a reduced chart;
no commitment until the central lock (the exact metric) settles
priorities.
Fifteen axioms, and the road to none
open formalization · opened 2026-06-11
Statement. Reduce the 15 stated axioms of the Lean core (4 on
the prediction chain, 11 interval-arithmetic certificates for the K3
block) toward zero.
Why it matters. "15 to N" is the program's cleanest public
progress metric: machine-checked, monotone, and impossible to spin.
Known constraints. The core builds with 0 sorry;
the 33 exact relations and the variance aggregation are axiom-free. The
11 K3 certificates are trusted numerical facts (interval enclosures from
a second, exact rational engine, cross-checked 28000/28000); discharging
them means verified interval arithmetic inside Lean, bounded but heavy.
The 4 prediction-chain axioms package literature results (Cheeger-type
bounds, gluing theorems); they are the real formalization frontier and
may require upstream Mathlib work.
Next step. Discharge the 11 K3 certificates first, which is
mechanical and bounded; treat the 4 literature axioms as a separate
long-horizon track.
How surprising is an exact relation?
active epistemic · opened 2026-06-12 · updated 2026-06-14
Statement. Build a framework-independent standard for the
question: how surprising is a set of claimed exact relations between
mathematical invariants and measured physical constants? A declared
expression space, explicit complexity measures, a family of null models
with look-elsewhere correction, and a scorecard that any framework can be
run through, including the program's own.
Why it matters. The field has no shared instrument for this
question; claims oscillate between uncritical acceptance and reflexive
dismissal, and the verdicts (Eddington on one side, the quantum Hall
relation on the other) are only sorted in hindsight. Every other axis of
the program inherits its credibility from this one, and the standard
stands on its own: it survives even if the founding framework falls.
Known constraints. The instrument must pass calibration before
it is allowed to score anything we care about: deliberately constructed
fake frameworks must be condemned, Eddington's 136-then-137 must fail
with a penalty for the revision, the quantum Hall relation must pass.
Searching expressions against measured values before the target list is
frozen would invalidate the exercise, so the freeze must be deposited
with a dated DOI first; a data update (new PDG edition, new global fit)
is a new freeze version, and verdicts against the old version stand.
Next step. The instrument is the Sieve.
Current state: inputs frozen and deposited before any search ran; four
null models implemented; calibration complete at scaffold budget. The
constructive side, the rebate that distinguishes a relation which is a
theorem of a pre-specified structure from one found by search, now has a
stated definition and a machine-checked formal layer in
arithmon/lean. Next:
deeper enumeration, the adversarial-alphabet envelope on real targets,
robustness across grammars and complexity measures, the per-relation
audit, then the methods paper.
Who else has checked?
active epistemic · opened 2026-06-11
Statement. Get the framework's certified chain examined,
reproduced or refuted by independent human experts, through peer review
and direct engagement.
Why it matters. A machine-checked core removes one class of
doubt; it does not replace the judgment of the relevant communities. A
program whose results are only machine-verified and self-reported is
epistemically incomplete.
Known constraints. Current state: the founding paper is under
journal review; a numerical G₂ dataset from this line of work is
cited in the peer-reviewed literature (Phys. Lett. B 878 (2026) 140566);
the certified K3 result has a presubmission inquiry pending at a
mathematics journal. The author publishes solo and without institutional
affiliation, which makes the usual channels slower; this is a constraint
of the territory, not an excuse.
Next step. Land the two pending submissions. Use the
atlas as the first-contact instrument: every
convergent entry is a potential reviewer who already cares about the
adjacent question.
Exposed to the data, permanently
active experimental · opened 2026-06-11
Statement. Keep the frozen predictions exposed to scheduled
data, record every verdict, and never move a goalpost.
Why it matters. This is the axis where the program has the
fewest levers and the most to prove: nothing here can be worked on, only
awaited honestly. It is also where progressive and degenerating programs
part ways.
Known constraints. The predictions are frozen and dated; the
data arrives on external calendars (global neutrino fits roughly every
one to two years, the Hyper-Kamiokande and DUNE oscillation experiments
in the late 2020s to mid 2030s). One prediction is currently in tension
(the θ₂₃ upper-octant bet, with the global best fit
presently in the lower octant and the octant unresolved), one returned to
agreement without being touched (δCP after the latest
fit), one is standing (three generations).
Next step. Maintain the scoreboard as
the single record; add each new fit release as a dated entry, favourable
or not.
↑ Top
The atlas
An annotated map of work adjacent to the program, from information
geometry to structural realism, from G₂ constructions to exact mass
relations. Not a list of links. A living document that grows with every
reading and every contact.
Each entry has three fields and nothing else. Claim: what the
work asserts, stated so its author would sign it. Relation: one of
convergent, divergent, orthogonal, then one clause of justification.
Δ: the precise difference, which at its strongest cuts both
ways, saying what Arithmon does that the neighbour does not and what the
neighbour has that Arithmon lacks.
Three rules govern it. An entry earns its place if and only if its delta
fits in one precise sentence; if the delta cannot be written, the work is
either not adjacent enough or not yet understood, and it goes to the
to-read shelf. Every entry is written so that its author would sign the
claim and recognize the delta as fair: the delta describes, it never
grades. And a change of relation is a finding, so it gets a dated note in
the entry, never a silent overwrite.
Lineage
The Eudoxean Theory of Ratio and the Crisis of the Incommensurable
convergent philosophy · Eudoxos of Cnidus; Euclid (Elements, Book V); Howard Stein · Euclid, Elements Bk V; Howard Stein, Synthese 84 (1990) 163-211
Claim. A ratio between magnitudes of the same kind is defined
abstractly by the equimultiples criterion (Def. V.5), so that proportion
theory survives the discovery of incommensurability. The construction is
mathematically the Dedekind cut, anticipated by 2300 years, and depends
on the Archimedean axiom (no infinitesimals).
Relation. Convergent. This is the historical ancestor of the
Arithmon thesis. The Pythagorean program ("all is number", every ratio is
a ratio of whole numbers) is the original form of constants-as-counts;
the crisis of the incommensurable (√2) is what forced two and a half
millennia of the continuum over the integer. Arithmon is a dated,
narrower return to the integer as primitive, one level up: at the
dimensionless constants of physics.
Δ. Eudoxos abstracts away from the integer to
keep rigor after the crisis, enthroning the continuum; Arithmon
reinstates the integer as primitive at the level of physical constants
and treats the transcendental as derived from counts. The Greek move is
unconditional mathematics about magnitudes in general; the Arithmon wager
is empirical, falsifiable, and entirely its own risk. The lineage is
framing for program identity, never evidence for any claim.
Arithmetization and Constructive Mathematics
convergent mathematics · Leopold Kronecker; Brouwer; Bishop · H. Weber, Jahresbericht DMV 2 (1893); E. Bishop, Foundations of Constructive Analysis (1967)
Claim. Mathematics should reduce to arguments over the integers
in finitely many steps, and to assert existence is to exhibit a
construction. Kronecker rejected non-constructive methods (irrationals,
Bolzano-Weierstrass) from the 1870s; the line runs through Brouwer's
intuitionism and Bishop's constructive analysis to today's proof
assistants.
Relation. Convergent. This is the headwater of two Arithmon
pillars at once: integer-primacy ("God made the integers") and the demand
that a claim be earned by a construction rather than asserted, which is
the spirit of the constructive (Lean) axis.
Δ. Kronecker and the constructivists are a doctrine about
how mathematics should be founded, internal to mathematics; Arithmon
makes an empirical, falsifiable wager about physics (constants are
counts) and asks a proof assistant to certify it. Honest caveat both
ways: Lean's Mathlib is classical, so the constructive axis is
constructive in the sense of built and certified, not intuitionistic; the
kinship is in spirit, not in logic.
Fundamental Theory: deriving the constants from pure number
divergent physics · Arthur Stanley Eddington; Dirac's Large Numbers Hypothesis · A. S. Eddington, Fundamental Theory (1946); H. Kragh, arXiv:1510.04046
Claim. The exact values of the dimensionless constants of
physics can be deduced by logical reasoning from qualitative principles,
with no use of observational data. Eddington derived the inverse
fine-structure constant as 136, then 137; Dirac read the recurring
10⁴⁰ ratios as a law and inferred a time-varying
gravitational constant.
Relation. Divergent. This is the cautionary pole of the
lineage: serious attempts to read significance into number that were
wrong. Eddington never justified revising 136 to 137 beyond the measured
value's pull, the textbook case of a derivation chasing the number it
wants.
Δ. Eddington and Dirac are exactly what Arithmon must be
able to tell itself apart from, and the methodology axis encodes this
directly: its negative control is Eddington-must-fail, since a test that
cannot reject 137 is measuring nothing. What separates Arithmon is
procedural, not rhetorical: the alphabet is geometrically pre-specified
and frozen before search, and a claim must survive being made a theorem,
neither of which the cautionary pole offered.
It from Bit: Information, Physics, Quantum
convergent physics · John Archibald Wheeler · "Information, Physics, Quantum: The Search for Links" (1989)
Claim. Every physical entity, every it, derives its existence
from binary, yes-or-no answers: "it from bit". Reality is participatory
and information-theoretic, with the discrete and informational prior to
continuous substance.
Relation. Convergent. The physics-side echo of discrete
primacy, and the founding framework's own footer ("GIFT from bit") is a
direct nod to it. Sibling to the constructivist thread, not part of it:
Kronecker's discreteness is about how mathematics is founded, Wheeler's
about what physical reality is made of.
Δ. "It from bit" is metaphysically maximal and
methodologically minimal: a slogan for a research direction that yields
no specific number, the same delta the atlas records for Tegmark.
Arithmon takes the discrete-information intuition and commits it to
dated, exact counts that can be wrong; Wheeler supplies the ontology,
Arithmon supplies the risk.
Mathematics
Mirror Symmetry for K3 Surfaces with Nonsymplectic Involution
convergent mathematics · Valery Alexeev; Philip Engel · arXiv:2208.10383
Claim. Compactifications and mirror constructions for K3
surfaces with nonsymplectic involutions, organized by Nikulin invariants
(r, a, δ), with the reflective cases classified.
Relation. Convergent. The K3 lattice at the heart of the
founding framework's fibration, Nikulin type (15, 7, 1), is one
of the classified reflective points, with rich structure: a 60-root
reflection lattice, a Petersen-graph stratum, automorphisms by
S₅.
Δ. Alexeev-Engel is pure K3 geometry with no G₂ or
physical reading; Arithmon reads precisely this kind of arithmetic
distinguishedness as a candidate selection principle: the geometry is
special because the arithmetic says so, before physics is mentioned.
Their classification is unconditional mathematics; the physical reading
is entirely Arithmon's risk.
Twisted Connected Sum G₂ Manifolds
divergent mathematics · Alexei Kovalev; Alessio Corti; Mark Haskins; Johannes Nordström; Tommaso Pacini · Duke Math. J. 164 (2015) 1971-2092
Claim. Large families of compact G₂ manifolds can be
built by gluing two asymptotically cylindrical Calabi-Yau halves along a
common K3 surface (the twisted connected sum construction).
Relation. Divergent. The TCS program supplies most known
compact G₂ examples, and the founding framework's geometry provably
lives outside it.
Δ. The Betti pair (21, 77) is excluded from all
classical and extra-twisted TCS constructions (an exhaustive no-go over
3852 building-block configurations); the candidate geometry is a
Donaldson-type coassociative K3 fibration instead. The divergence here is
a theorem, not a preference, and the TCS toolbox (matching problems, K3
lattices) remains the shared language.
Spectral Geometry: Can One Hear the Shape of a Drum?
convergent mathematics · Mark Kac; the inverse spectral geometry tradition · Amer. Math. Monthly 73 (1966) 1-23
Claim. Geometry leaves quantitative signatures in spectra; part
of a manifold's shape, though not all of it, can be recovered from its
eigenvalues.
Relation. Convergent. The prediction chain of the founding
framework runs through Laplacian spectra of the compact geometry.
Δ. Inverse spectral geometry asks what spectra reveal
about geometry in general; Arithmon makes the converse, physical bet:
that the sound of one compact geometry is not merely qualitative but
numerically identical to the measured constants of nature.
Information Geometry
convergent mathematics · Shun-ichi Amari · Information Geometry and Its Applications, Springer, 2016
Claim. Families of probability distributions form curved
manifolds with natural metrics (Fisher information) and dual connections;
statistical structure is intrinsically geometric.
Relation. Convergent. Arithmon also treats informational
structure as geometric.
Δ. Information geometry stays at the level of statistical
manifolds and is agnostic about fundamental physics; Arithmon asks
whether the dimensionless constants themselves are exact topological
counts of one compact geometry. Amari's program has decades of theorems
and applications behind it; Arithmon's reading of the constants is a
young, falsifiable bet.
Physics and methods
Neural and Numerical Methods for G₂-Structures
convergent methods · Daniel Heyes; Edward Hirst; Henrique Sá Earp; Marina Silva · Phys. Lett. B 878 (2026) 140566
Claim. Machine-learning and numerical schemes can approximate
G₂-structures on contact Calabi-Yau 7-manifolds and quantify their
torsion numerically.
Relation. Convergent. Shared toolbox (numerical G₂
geometry); the paper cites a numerical G₂ dataset from this line of
work.
Δ. Their target is approximate structures across a class
of 7-manifolds, with accuracy assessed empirically; the founding
framework fixes one geometry and pushes the numerics to certified
statements (interval arithmetic with formally verified aggregation).
Approximation breadth on their side, certified depth on Arithmon's; the
two are complementary, not competing.
The Koide Formula
convergent physics · Yoshio Koide · Lett. Nuovo Cim. 34 (1982) 201; Phys. Rev. D 28 (1983) 252
Claim. The charged lepton masses satisfy an exact-looking
algebraic relation: the sum of the masses divided by the square of the
sum of the square roots equals 2/3, to striking precision and with no
accepted derivation.
Relation. Convergent in spirit: an exact algebraic relation
among measured constants, taken seriously for decades.
Δ. Koide is one isolated relation without a structural
origin, orphaned for forty years; Arithmon embeds many relations in a
single declared vocabulary with set-level statistics and a geometric
origin candidate. Koide is also the cautionary tale the program must
answer: exactness alone does not make a theory, and longevity without an
origin is a possible fate.
Algebraic Stability and Cosmological Structure (series)
convergent physics · Zhou Changzheng; Zhou Ziqing · paper series A-F, 2026
Claim. A logically self-consistent self-referential dynamical
system, plus five mathematical primitives, uniquely forces 7 dimensions,
G₂ holonomy, Betti numbers (21, 77), the Standard Model gauge
group and three generations.
Relation. Convergent. An independent, top-down path to the same
Betti pair; the series cites the founding framework as empirical
motivation.
Δ. Zhou derives the topology from self-referential
axioms, and part of the series' own predictions has already failed by its
own falsification criterion (a neutrino mass prediction); the founding
framework reads the same pair from an explicit compact geometry with
machine-checked certificates, and its frozen predictions stand so far.
Two different roads arriving at one number pair is itself a datum the
program must explain.
Update (2026-07-04). The series has continued at high volume
(two follow-up series and two May 2026 foundation papers, which cite the
founding framework in the bibliography only). Substantively: the authors
have downgraded the uniqueness claim to a unique candidate solution (May
2026), conceded the neutrino ratio falsification (reframed as an
order-of-magnitude benchmark, March 2026), and now gloss the load-bearing
premise as b₂ + b₃ = 98 = dim K₇ ×
dim G₂, which remains underived. An exact audit on the program
side shows the Diophantine system is a reparametrization, with all
selection in the choice k = 7, so the convergence datum stands but the
derivation half of it has thinned. See
the selection principle for
the standing verdict.
Heterotic E₈×E₈ String Compactifications
divergent physics · David Gross; Jeffrey Harvey; Emil Martinec; Ryan Rohm; the heterotic G₂ literature · Phys. Rev. Lett. 54 (1985) 502
Claim. The E₈×E₈ heterotic string compactified
on special-holonomy spaces yields realistic four-dimensional gauge
sectors; heterotic G₂ backgrounds with torsion require specific
torsion classes to vanish.
Relation. Divergent, despite the shared
E₈×E₈ vocabulary.
Δ. Heterotic G₂ backgrounds require exactly the
torsion component in which the framework's structure lives to vanish: the
near-solution sits in pure Bryant class W₂ (the 3-form is closed
exactly, all residual torsion in the coclosure), the opposite
configuration. Arithmon borrows the E₈×E₈ architecture
as motivation, not as string dynamics; nothing in the framework assumes a
string vacuum, and nothing in heterotic theory predicts this
geometry.
The String Landscape
divergent physics · Leonard Susskind; Michael R. Douglas; and others · arXiv:hep-th/0302219 (2003)
Claim. Low-energy constants may vary across an enormous space
of string compactifications; the values we observe may be environmentally
or anthropically selected.
Relation. Divergent.
Δ. The landscape derives its vacua from a candidate
fundamental theory but gives up uniqueness of the constants; Arithmon
posits a rigid compact geometry with zero adjustable parameters but does
not yet derive why this particular geometry. Each side lacks exactly what
the other claims to have.
Philosophy
Structural Realism
convergent philosophy · John Worrall; James Ladyman; Steven French · Dialectica 43 (1989) 99-124; Ladyman and Ross, Every Thing Must Go, OUP, 2007
Claim. What survives theory change in physics is structure
(relations, equations), not the objects the theories posit.
Relation. Convergent. Arithmon is structural realist in spirit:
it locates physical content in arithmetic and topological structure
rather than in objects.
Δ. Structural realism is a thesis about scientific
theories in general and makes no numerical commitments; Arithmon
instantiates the structure as the invariants of a specific compact
geometry and exposes it to exact, dated, falsifiable predictions. The
philosophy supplies the frame; Arithmon supplies a test case the
philosophy never asked for.
Mathematical Universe Hypothesis
orthogonal philosophy · Max Tegmark · Found. Phys. 38 (2008) 101-150
Claim. Physical reality is a mathematical structure, and all
consistent mathematical structures exist on equal footing.
Relation. Orthogonal. Maximal metaphysical kinship, minimal
methodological overlap.
Δ. The hypothesis ranges over all structures and yields
no specific numerical prediction; Arithmon commits to one structure and
stands or falls with dated, exact predictions. Arithmon is what the
mathematical universe looks like when it picks a structure and accepts
the risk of being wrong.
Wolfram Physics Project
orthogonal physics · Stephen Wolfram; Jonathan Gorard · A Project to Find the Fundamental Theory of Physics, Wolfram Media, 2020
Claim. Physics may emerge from discrete computational rewriting
rules on hypergraphs; space, time and matter are downstream of rule
dynamics.
Relation. Orthogonal, with a partial divergence on
mechanism.
Δ. Wolfram seeks emergence of physical law from
computation and treats specific constants as largely out of reach for
now; Arithmon is not computational emergence: it is arithmetic-geometric
determination, reading specific dimensionless constants directly as
topological invariants of a fixed geometry.
The atlas is a living document. Corrections
and candidate entries are welcome at
arithmon/atlas, and an
author who thinks their entry misstates their claim is exactly the reader
it most needs.
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